The history of South Sudan is a complex one, marked by centuries of conflict and struggle. The region is home to a diverse range of ethnic groups, each with its own unique culture and language.

In the 19th century, South Sudan was conquered by Egypt and then ruled as a British-Egyptian condominium until Sudanese independence in 1956. After independence, the northern Sudanese government attempted to impose Islamic law and culture on the entire country, including the non-Muslim south. This led to a long and bloody civil war, which lasted from 1955 to 1972.


In 1972, the Addis Ababa Agreement ended the first Sudanese civil war and created the Southern Sudan Autonomous Region. However, this autonomy was short-lived, as the Sudanese government abolished the region in 1983. This sparked a second Sudanese civil war, which lasted for 22 years and resulted in the deaths of over 2 million people.

The civil war ended in 2005 with the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA). The CPA established a power-sharing government between the north and the south, and also provided for a referendum on southern independence in 2011.

In the 2011 referendum, 98.8% of South Sudanese voted for independence. On July 9, 2011, South Sudan became the world's newest country.

However, South Sudan's independence has been marred by violence and instability. In 2013, a civil war broke out between the government and rebel forces led by former Vice President Riek Machar. The civil war ended in 2018 with the signing of a peace agreement, but the country remains fragile and divided.

Despite the challenges it faces, South Sudan is a country with a rich culture and history. The South Sudanese people are resilient and determined to build a better future for their country.